#B NEGATIVE BLOOD TYPE ETHNICITY SKIN#

How long does HBV survive outside the body?

through poor infection control practices in healthcare settings (e.g., dialysis units, diabetes clinics).

#B NEGATIVE BLOOD TYPE ETHNICITY SKIN#

sharing certain items that can break the skin or mucous membranes (e.g., razors, toothbrushes, and glucose monitoring equipment), potentially resulting in exposure to blood.

exposures to needle sticks or sharp instruments.

injection drug use that involves sharing needles, syringes, or drug-preparation equipment.sexual contact with an infected partner.a mother to her baby during pregnancy or delivery.HBV is transmitted from a person who has HBV infection to a person who is not infected through activities that involve percutaneous (i.e., puncture through the skin) or mucosal contact with infectious blood or body fluids (e.g., semen and saliva), including Symptoms typically last for several weeks but can persist for up to 6 months ( 7, 8). When symptoms of acute hepatitis B occur, how long do they usually last? If symptoms occur, they begin an average of 90 days (range: 60–150 days) after exposure to HBV ( 7, 8). What is the incubation period for hepatitis B? However, some people develop chronic hepatitis (elevation of AST/ALT), cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (i.e., primary liver cancer). Most people with chronic HBV infection are asymptomatic and have no evidence of liver disease or injury. When present, signs and symptoms of acute HBV infections can include: People less than 30 years old are less likely to be symptomatic compared with persons aged 30 years and older ( 6). Infants, children under 5 years old, and immunosuppressed adults with acute HBV infection are typically asymptomatic. The presence of signs and symptoms varies by age. Symptoms can range from asymptomatic or mild disease to, rarely, fulminant hepatitis. Not all people with acute HBV infection have symptoms. What are the signs and symptoms of HBV infection? How many deaths can be attributed to chronic HBV infection?ĭuring 2020, a total of 1,752 hepatitis B-associated deaths among US residents were reported in the US Multiple Cause of Death data from the National Center for Health Statistics, which corresponds to an age-adjusted death rate of 0.45 cases per 100,000 population ( 5). Chronic hepatitis B disproportionately affects people born outside the United States while accounting for only 14% of the US general population, non–US-born people account for 69% of the US population living with chronic HBV infection ( 2, 3, 4). There is an estimated 580,000 to 1.17 million people with HBV infection in the United States two-thirds of whom may be unaware of their infection ( 2).

How common is chronic HBV infection in the United States? During 2020, rates of reported cases of acute hepatitis B ranged from a low of 0.2 cases per 100,000 among Asian/Pacific Islander persons to a high of 0.7 case per 100,000 among non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black persons. Rates of reported acute hepatitis B decreased among all racial/ethnicity groups during 2005–2012 but have remained largely unchanged during 2013–2019. This decrease may be related to fewer people seeking healthcare and being tested for hepatitis B during the COVID-19 pandemic ( 1). What is the rate of new infections in the United States?Īfter a decade of stable rates, the rate of acute hepatitis B abruptly decreased by 32% after 2019. After adjusting for under-ascertainment and under-reporting, an estimated 14,000 acute hepatitis B cases occurred in 2020 ( 1). In 2020, a total of 2,157 cases of acute hepatitis B were reported to CDC, for an overall incidence rate of 0.7 cases per 100,000 population ( 1). How many new HBV infections occur annually in the United States?

Perinatal hepatitis B (Acquired in the United States or U.S.

B negative blood type ethnicity